How Do Plates Move Where Convection Currents Are Rising?
In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust’s surface tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor spreading (Fig. 7.21). Hot magma rises to the crust’s surface cracks develop in the ocean floor and the magma pushes up and out to form mid-ocean ridges.
How do plates move where convection currents are sinking quizlet?
What causes the movement rising and sinking in a convection current?
Lighter (less dense) warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere in water and in the mantle of Earth. In the atmosphere as air warms it rises allowing cooler air to flow in underneath.
Where do rising convection currents occur?
Explanation: Convection currents within the Earth’s mantle are caused by hot material rising upwards cooling then dropping back toward the core. These currents are thought to be the driving force for tectonic plate activity in the crust. The moving magma in the mantle carries the plates floating on top of it.
How do the convection currents move up and down?
Convection currents form because a heated fluid expands becoming less dense. The less-dense heated fluid rises away from the heat source. As it rises it pulls cooler fluid down to replace it. This fluid in turn is heated rises and pulls down more cool fluid.
How does convection cause the motion of plates that drives plate tectonics quizlet?
Part of the mantle consists of the molten material that circulates in convection currents beneath the earths crust. This process drives plate tectonics. … when two oceanic plates pull apart at a divergent boundary magma rises and new crust is formed on the ocean floor.
How does convection work and how does it move tectonic plates quizlet?
Convection occurs in the mantle underneath Earth’s tectonic plates. … Rising mantle material at mid-ocean ridges creates the potential for plates to move away from the ridge with a this force. Slab pull. When tectonic plates collide the denser plate (slab) will sink into the mantle along a subduction zone.
What is the movement of the plate at the ridge?
As the lithosphere formed at divergent plate margins is hot and less dense than the surrounding area it rises to form oceanic ridges. The newly-formed plates slide sideways off these high areas pushing the plate in front of them resulting in a ridge-push mechanism.
How are the convection currents set in motion?
Convection currents are set in motion by the transfer of energy between Earth’s hot interior and cooler exterior. Regions of hot mantle are less dense than areas of cooler mantle and are slowly forced toward the crust. Cooler parts of the mantle sink back toward the core.
Where do convection currents occur in the atmosphere?
Convection takes place in the atmosphere in the oceans and in Earth’s molten subcrustal asthenosphere. Convective currents of air in the atmosphere are referred to as updrafts and downdrafts.
Where do convection currents take place is it in the lithosphere or the asthenosphere?
Convection currents generated within the asthenosphere push magma upward through volcanic vents and spreading centres to create new crust. Convection currents also stress the lithosphere above and the cracking that often results manifests as earthquakes.
How do convection currents within the mantle lead to divergent plate movement?
Explanation: Convection currents in the magma drive plate tectonics. … Large convection currents in the aesthenosphere transfer heat to the surface where plumes of less dense magma break apart the plates at the spreading centers creating divergent plate boundaries.
How do tectonic plates move?
Plate tectonics move because they are carried along by convection currents in the upper mantle of the planet (the mantle is a slowly flowing layer of rock just below Earth’s crust). Hot rock just below the surface rises and when it cools and gets heavy it sinks again.
How does convection currents affect the plates?
The convection currents move the plates. Where convection currents diverge near the Earth’s crust plates move apart. Where convection currents converge plates move towards each other. The movement of the plates and the activity inside the Earth is called plate tectonics .
How do convection currents give rise to breeze in the coastal region?
The ground heats the air above it which rises in convection currents and cooler air from over the ocean flows toward the shore to “fill in the gap” left by the rising warm air. … This flow of cooler air from the ocean toward the shore creates what is known as a sea breeze.
How are convection currents set up in air?
When sun rays hit the land the land gets heated up. Then the air nearest to the land gets heated up too and it becomes lighter and rises up. The air from higher altitude which is cooler and thus heavier sinks down to fill the space left by warm air. This cycle repeats and convection currents are set up.
How does convection help power plate tectonics quizlet?
Convection is the force. This is because when the currents start to circulate they create friction between the plates. This force drives them across the surface in the direction of the currents.
What is convection quizlet plate tectonics?
What process drives plate motion quizlet?
–Convection in the mantle drives plate motion. -The Earth is cooling slowly over time and the heat loss results in convection in the mantle the rise of heat and the sinking of cooler material.
How does convection work with tectonic plates?
Convection currents drive the movement of Earth’s rigid tectonic plates in the planet’s fluid molten mantle. In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust’s surface tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor spreading (Fig. 7.21).
Where do convection currents occur quizlet?
The Earth’s crust is split into many pieces called plates. There pieces are moved by Convection currents which occur within the Mantle. Convection currents occur when magma heats up near the core and rises.
What force moves Earth’s plates quizlet?
Convection currents in the Earth’s mantle are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates. As shown in the diagram heat from the Earth’s core is the driving force that moves magma in a circular motion called “cells.”
Why do tectonic plates move around?
What causes thermal convection that drives plate motion?
Lithospheric plates are part of a planetary scale thermal convection system. The energy source for plate tectonics is Earth’s internal heat while the forces moving the plates are the “ridge push” and “slab pull” gravity forces. It was once thought that mantle convection could drive plate motions.
What causes plates to move diagram?
Plates are extremely heavy so gravity acts upon them pulling them apart. Alternatively as shown in the diagram convection currents under the Earth’s crust transfer heat which rises through the surface and cools back down in a circular motion. The convection currents move the plates.
What causes convection to take place?
Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from hot places to cooler places by convection. Liquids and gases expand when they are heated. The denser cold liquid or gas falls into the warm areas.
What happens when convection currents occur?
How is the process of convection explained?
convection process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water. Natural convection results from the tendency of most fluids to expand when heated—i.e. to become less dense and to rise as a result of the increased buoyancy.
What are the 4 steps in convection currents that move the tectonic plates?
Which layer is where convection occurs?
The heat rising from the Earth’s core creates convection currents in the plastic layer of the mantle (asthenosphere). The convection currents slowly move the tectonic plates above them in different directions. Convection currents occur because hot fluids are less dense than cold fluids.
How does the process of convection in the Earth’s mantle affect the formation of mountains and the temperature in the surface?
As tectonic plates slowly move away from each other heat from the mantle’s convection currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense. The less-dense material rises often forming a mountain or elevated area of the seafloor.
How does convection in Earth’s mantle affects the formation of landmass like volcano and mountain?
When warm material in the mantle rises up to the surface (ground) it. will cool and sinks these cooled materials will eventually be turned into. landmass.
How is convection in Earth’s interior and conduction?
Convection carries heat to the surface of the mantle much faster than heating by conduction. Conduction is heat transfer by collisions between molecules and is how heat is transferred from the stove to the soup pot.
How does convection current occur in the upper part of the mantle?
While conduction seems the more obvious method for heat transfer convection also occurs in the mantle. The warmer less dense rock material near the core slowly moves upward. … While the mantle material remains solid the heat and pressure allow convection currents to move the mantle material.
PLATE TECTONICS
Plates moving due to convection in mantle | Cosmology & Astronomy | Khan Academy
Convection Moves Earth’s Plates