How Does Chemical Composition Affect The Properties Of Lava

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How Does Chemical Composition Affect The Properties Of Lava?

The chemical composition of magma affects its physical properties which in turn have a major influence on the landform built by a volcanic eruption. … As the silica content increases these rock types generally become more viscous as the magmatic gas content increases they become more explosive.

How the chemical composition of lava affects the type of volcano formed?

Magmas differ in composition which affects viscosity. Magma composition has a large effect on how a volcano erupts. Felsic lavas are more viscous and erupt explosively or do not erupt. Mafic lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively.

How does chemical composition relate to the viscosity of lava?

Viscosity of Magmas

Viscosity depends on primarily on the composition of the magma and temperature. Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO2 concentration in the magma).

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How does lava change its composition?

As the magma rises crystals begin to form. … By settling the crystals are being removed from the magma causing the chemical composition of system to change. As more and more olivine crystals settle the magma has less and less magnesium oxide and more and more silica.

What does the composition of magma affect?

Magmas differ in composition which affects viscosity. Magma composition has a large effect on how a volcano erupts. Felsic lavas are more viscous and erupt explosively or do not erupt. Mafic lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively.

What does the composition of magma determine for a volcano?

The composition of magma determines its viscosity which affects how a lava flows and what kind of volcano forms from the lava. There are as many types of volcanic eruptions as there are eruptions.

What is the composition of lava?

Lava is mostly made of two elements — Si (the symbol for silicon) and O (the symbol for oxygen). Together they make a very strong bond and then get together with other elements like Fe (iron) Mg (magnesium) K (potassium) Ca (calcium) and more.

What is the chemical composition of magma?

There are three basic types of magma: basaltic andesitic and rhyolitic each of which has a different mineral composition. All types of magma have a significant percentage of silicon dioxide. Basaltic magma is high in iron magnesium and calcium but low in potassium and sodium.

What happens to the composition of magma as it rises up?

The higher the amount of silica in the magma the higher is its viscosity. … Most felsic magma will stay deeper in the crust and will cool to form igneous intrusive rocks such as granite and granodiorite. If felsic magma rises into a magma chamber it may be too viscous to move and so it gets stuck.

How the composition of magma determines an eruption characteristics?

How does the composition of magma determine an eruption’s characteristics? Silica content determines viscosity and the amount of dissolved gases help determine explosivity. … The more viscous the magma the more explosive the eruption.

How the properties of magma affects the explosiveness of a volcano?

More crystals in the magma enable more gas bubbles to form and so they make an eruption more explosive. The rate at which pressure is reduced also affects the explosiveness. If magma moves slowly toward the surface gases in the magma have more time to escape.

What is the difference between the composition of lava and magma?

Magma is composed of molten rock and is stored in the Earth’s crust. Lava is magma that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent.

How does magma change composition over time?

During magma’s storage in the crust its composition may be modified by fractional crystallization contamination with crustal melts magma mixing and degassing.

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What chemical and physical characteristics of magma are most important?

The chemical composition of the Magma determines whether the Magma will erupt explosively or mot. Explanation: There are a variety of gases that are present and very high pressure in the centre of the earth. Certain gases like oxides of nitrogen when present in high amount in the Magma makes it explosive.

What is the top two composition of magma?

The composition of magma depends on the rock it was formed from (by melting) and the conditions of that melting. Magmas derived from the mantle have higher levels of iron magnesium and calcium but they are still likely to be dominated by oxygen and silicon.

Which magma composition causes the most violent eruptions?

Which magma composition causes the most violent volcanic eruption and why? The largest and most violent of all the types of volcanic eruptions are Plinian eruptions. They are caused by the fragmentation of gassy magma and are usually associated with very viscous magmas (dacite and rhyolite).

Which composition of magma has the most explosive eruptions Why?

Explosive eruptions are favored by high gas content & high viscosity magmas (andesitic to rhyolitic magmas). The explosive bursting of bubbles fragments the magma into clots of liquid that cool as they fall through the air.

How does magma viscosity affect the type of volcanic eruption?

The viscosity of the magma however is also an important factor in determining whether an eruption will be explosive or nonexplosive. A low-viscosity magma like basalt will allow the escaping gases to migrate rapidly through the magma and escape to the surface.

How do lava flows affect the environment?

Thick viscous lava flows especially those that build a dome can collapse to form fast-moving pyroclastic flows. … Lava flows however can bury homes and agricultural land under tens of meters of hardened black rock landmarks and property lines become obscured by a vast new hummocky landscape.

How does temperature and composition of the magma affects its viscosity?

Viscosity of magma the resistance to flow depends on composition of the magma and temperature. Higher silica content means higher viscosity. But lower temperatures and low gas content mean higher viscosity. Hence lower viscosity and low gas content mean higher temperature of magma.

What 3 factors affect the formation of magma?

What three factors affect the formation of magma? Pressure water and temperature.

How does magma change during crystallization?

Magma is a mixture of liquid rock crystals and gas. If magma makes it to the surface it will erupt and later crystallize to form an extrusive or volcanic rock. If it crystallizes before it reaches the surface it will form an igneous rock at depth called a plutonic or intrusive igneous rock.

What composition of magma will be produced by melting of the upper mantle?

The composition of magma depends on the rock it was formed from (by melting) and the conditions of that melting. Magmas derived from the mantle have higher levels of iron magnesium and calcium but they are still likely to be dominated by oxygen and silicon.

What causes the magma to rise to the surface of the volcano?

Magma can rise when pieces of Earth’s crust called tectonic plates slowly move away from each other. … Magma also rises when these tectonic plates move toward each other. When this happens part of Earth’s crust can be forced deep into its interior. The high heat and pressure cause the crust to melt and rise as magma.

How is the composition of a magma related to the type of rocks that will form after cooling down?

The composition of magma depends on the rock it was formed from (by melting) and the conditions of that melting. … All magmas have varying proportions of elements such as hydrogen carbon and sulphur which are converted into gases like water vapour carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide as the magma cools.

What factors affect the eruption style of a volcano?

The style of eruption depends on a number of factors including the magma chemistry and content temperature viscosity (how runny the magma is) volume and how much water and gas is in it the presence of groundwater and the plumbing of the volcano.

What characteristics of magma determines its explosiveness?

Viscosity together with the amount of gas dissolved in magma can determine the explosivity of the eruption. More viscous magma with volatiles is more explosive than less viscous magma where gases can bubble out relatively easily.

What are the three factors that affect the viscosity of magma?

The three factors that influence the viscosity of a lava are temperature the dissolved gases it contains and its chemical composition.

How does the release of trapped gases in magma cause a volcano to erupt?

How does the release of trapped gases in magma cause a volcano to erupt? Magma has a lot of trapped gases in it. When the magma go’s toward the surface the pressure of the rock on the magma decreases. … When a volcano erupts expanding gases pushed magma from the magma chamber and will eventually flow or explode.

What materials are expelled when a volcano erupts?

Volcanic eruptions produce three types of materials: gas lava and fragmented debris called tephra.

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