Partial Melting Of What Type Of Mantle Rock Produces Basaltic Magma?

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Partial Melting Of What Type Of Mantle Rock Produces Basaltic Magma??

In general more siliceous magmas form by low degrees of partial melting. As the degree of partial melting increases less siliceous compositions can be generated. So melting a mafic source thus yields a felsic or intermediate magma. Melting of ultramafic (peridotite source) yields a basaltic magma.

peridotite

Oceanic plates consist of up to about 100 km of peridotite covered by a thin crust the crust commonly about 6 km thick consists of basalt gabbro and minor sediments. The peridotite below the ocean crust “abyssal peridotite ” is found on the walls of rifts in the deep sea floor.

What type of mantle rock produces basaltic magma?

most basaltic magma originates from partial melting of ultramafic rock (peridotite). if ascent towards surface is slow magma crystallizes minerals and change in composition during ascent. which of the following igneous rocks has a pyroclastic texture? lava flows are typically finer grained than intrusive rocks.

What kind of magma is produced by partial melting of the mantle?

Basaltic magma

Basaltic magma is formed through dry partial melting of the mantle. The mantle lies just below the crust of the earth. Basalts make up most of the ocean’s crust this is why basaltic magma is typically found in oceanic volcanoes.

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What type of melting produces most basaltic magmas?

On Earth most basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the mantle. The high pressure in the upper mantle (due to the weight of the overlying rock) raises the melting point of mantle rock so that almost all of the upper mantle is solid.

Can partial melting of a basaltic rock produce basaltic magma?

The answer is NO. Lower crustal rocks are no more mafic than basalt and would require total melting to produce basaltic magma.

What produces basaltic magma?

Basaltic magma is commonly produced by direct melting of the Earth’s mantle the region of the Earth below the outer crust. On continents the mantle begins at depths of 30 to 50 km. Shield volcanoes such as those that make up the Islands of Hawai’i are composed almost entirely of basalt.

How does partial melting of mantle rocks at divergent plate margins produce basaltic magma?

As the lithosphere stretches and thins the aesthenosphere gets closer to the surface and pressure is reduced in turn causing partial melting. Again basalts are typically produced which at mid-ocean ridges mostly erupt as pillow lavas on the sea floor.

What is partial melting of rocks?

Partial melting is the transformation of some fraction of the mass of a solid rock into a liquid as a result of decompression heat input or addition of a flux. The resulting liquid is called magma and becomes lava if it erupts from a volcano.

When a rock undergoes partial melting the resulting magma is?

How mantle peridotite can melt to form basalt. -when the hot rock of a plume reaches the base of the lithosphere decompressions causes the rock (peridotite) of the plume to undergo partial melting – generating mafic magma. 1.

Which of the following magma compositions will be produced by partial melting of the upper mantle?

basaltic composition

Partial melting of mantle rocks will always produce magmas of basaltic composition. Partial melting of subducted ocean crust (basalt) will always produce magmas of andesitic composition. Partial melting of lower continental crust (on average of andesitic composition) will always produce magmas of granitic composition.

How basaltic magma originates from the partial melting of the mantle at divergent plate boundaries or at a mantle plume?

When the mantle plume rises to the base of the lithosphere the pressure is low enough to permit partial melting of the plume material producing mafic magma. Heat carried by the mantle plume may also melt rock adjacent to the plume. The magma rises and feeds hotspot volcanoes.

What type of rock is basalt?

Basalt is a hard black volcanic rock. Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth’s crust. Depending on how it is erupted basalt can be hard and massive (Figure 1) or crumbly and full of bubbles (Figure 2).

What type of rock is basalt igneous sedimentary or metamorphic?

What is Basalt? Basalt is a dark-colored fine-grained igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock such as a lava flow but can also form in small intrusive bodies such as an igneous dike or a thin sill. It has a composition similar to gabbro.

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What is the partial mantle melt composed of?

Olivine is a mafic mineral at the top of the Bowen’s Reaction series with a high melting point and a smaller percentage of silica versus other common igneous minerals. When ultramafic magma cools the olivine crystallizes first and settles to the bottom of the magma chamber (see figure).

Is basaltic magma fluid or viscous Brainly?

Thus basaltic magmas tend to be fairly fluid (low viscosity) but their viscosity is still 10 000 to 100 0000 times more viscous than water. Rhyolitic magmas tend to have even higher viscosity ranging between 1 million and 100 million times more viscous than water.

What are the characteristics of the magma produced by partial melting of a rock?

The magma that is produced by partial melting is less dense than the surrounding rock. Magma from partial melting of mantle rocks rises upward through the mantle and may pool at the base of the crust or rise through the crust.

How is a basalt rock formed?

Basalts are formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava equivalent to gabbro-norite magma from interior of the crust and exposed at or very close to the surface of Earth. These basalt flows are quite thick and extensive in which gas cavities are almost absent.

Is basaltic an explosive lava?

Basaltic eruptions are the most common form of volcanism on Earth and planetary bodies. The low viscosity of basaltic magmas inhibits fragmentation which favours effusive and lava-fountaining activity yet highly explosive hazardous basaltic eruptions occur.

What can cause basaltic magma to erupt explosively?

When this magma reaches the surface the gas bubbles will have a high pressure inside which will cause them to burst explosively on reaching atmospheric pressure. This will cause an explosive volcanic eruption and the production of pyroclastic material.

What is partial melting compared to the complete melting of a rock?

Partial melting occurs when only some minerals in the rock melt and complete melting happens when all crystal types of the rock melt. In partial melting some minerals don’t melt because they require higher temperatures to do so.

What is the melting point of basalt?

investigated the chemical composition viscosity melting temperature and working temperature of basalt and they found a melting temperature range of 1175–1350 °C and a viscosity of 10–30 Pa s at working temperatures.

Where does partial melting occur?

Partial melting occurs where the solidus and liquidus temperatures are different. For single minerals this can happen when they exhibit solid solution for example in olivines between iron and magnesium. In rocks made up of several different minerals some will melt at lower temperatures than others.

Where does partial melting and production of magma occur?

mid-ocean ridges

Magmas are generated by partial melting in a number of present-day plate tectonic settings including subduction zones mid-ocean ridges and hot spots.

Why does partial melting of rocks occur on the Earth’s mantle?

As it moves toward the surface and especially when it moves from the mantle into the lower crust the hot magma interacts with the surrounding rock. This typically leads to partial melting of the surrounding rock because most such magmas are hotter than the melting temperature of crustal rock.

How does mantle melt?

Melting the mantle by lowering its pressure or decompression melting is the most common and best-understood melting mechanism. … Adiabatic decompression melting will continue until a depth is reached at which the temperature of the parcel of mantle is lower than the solidus temperature for the mantle.

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Does basaltic magma form when rocks in the upper mantle melt?

The rising subduction-zone magma is probably basaltic in composition and is formed by the partial melting of mantle rocks.

What is basaltic magma?

Basaltic lava or mafic lava is molten rock enriched in iron and magnesium and depleted in silica. Basaltic magmas are formed by exceeding the melting point of the mantle either by adding heat changing its composition or decreasing its pressure. … Underwater basaltic lavas are erupted as pillow basalts.

What magma would have formed from the partial melting of mantle material quizlet?

peridotite rising from the mantle undergoes decompression leading to partial melting and the formation of basaltic magmas. These magmas crystalize and form oceanic crust. subduction zones generate magmas of varying composition.

Which rock is the molten magma made up of?

Igneous rock

Igneous rock or magmatic rock is made up of molten magma. It is one of the three main rock types sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of lava.

Why does partial melting result in a magma having a composition different from the rock from which it was derived?

After the earliest formed minerals have settled the resulting magma will be more felsic than the original magma. … Because different minerals melt at different temperatures minerals that melt at lower temperatures will melt from the rock first creating a magma formed from the minerals that melted first.

Do you think partial melting will occur?

Yes. There is partial melting heat is transferred because from the molten rocks to the Earth’s cold crust.

Where is magma produced in the mantle?

Magma originates in the lower part of the Earth’s crust and in the upper portion of the mantle. Most of the mantle and crust are solid so the presence of magma is crucial to understanding the geology and morphology of the mantle.

What type of igneous rock is andesite?

extrusive igneous

Andesite is a fine-grained extrusive igneous or volcanic rock. It is dark grey and made up of equal amounts of light and dark minerals although the crystals are too small to be seen without a magnifier. Occasionally andesite may contain some larger crystals.