What Is A Common Source Epidemic

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What Is A Common Source Epidemic?

A common-source outbreak is one in which a group of persons are all exposed to an infectious agent or a toxin from the same source.

What is an example of a common source epidemic?

A common-source outbreak occurs when a group of people get sick after being exposed to a virus bacteria toxin or other infectious agent from the same source. For example a common-source outbreak happens when a group of people get sick after eating the same contaminated food at the same restaurant on the same day.

What are the three main sources of an epidemic?

Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species) a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by …

What is the difference between common source and propagated epidemics?

common source outbreak: a type of epidemic outbreak where the affected individuals had an exposure to a common agent. propagated outbreak: a type of epidemic outbreak where the disease spreads person-to-person. Affected individuals may become independent reservoirs leading to further exposures.

What is epidemic point source?

In a point source outbreak persons are exposed over a brief time to the same source such as a single meal or an event. The number of cases rises rapidly to a peak and falls gradually. The majority of cases occur within one incubation period of the disease.

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Is Ebola a propagated epidemic?

Ebola is an example of a propagated epidemic. The graphs of new cases over time in West Africa are a combination of many mini outbreaks happening simultaneously. The Ebola outbreak started in Guinea near the border with Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Is COVID-19 a propagated epidemic?

In conclusion besides the imported cases the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 was a mixture of the propagated epidemic and the common-source outbreak in Tianjin. Local transmission of COVID-19 mainly occurred within families and a poorly ventilated public place in Tianjin.

What is continuous common source epidemic?

This is a continuous common source epidemic in which exposure to the source is prolonged over an extended period of time and may occur over more than one incubation period. The down slope of the curve may be very sharp if the common source is removed or gradual if the outbreak is allowed to exhaust itself.

What are main causes of epidemics?

Disease outbreaks are usually caused by an infection transmitted through person-to-person contact animal-to-person contact or from the environment or other media. Outbreaks may also occur following exposure to chemicals or to radioactive materials. For example Minamata disease is caused by exposure to mercury.

What is a pandemic vs epidemic?

AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community population or region. A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents. ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country.

What is common vehicle epidemic?

Common vehicle transmission: Common vehicle transmission refers to transmission through a contaminated source. Examples include food medication intravenous fluid or equipment that transmits infection to multiple hosts. This transmission may result in a large-scale outbreak.

What is a common source epidemic curve?

An “epidemic curve” shows the frequency of new cases over time based on the date of onset of disease. … Point source outbreaks (epidemics) involve a common source such as contaminated food or an infected food handler and all the exposures tend to occur in a relatively brief period.

Is measles a propagated epidemic?

Propagated (progressive source) epidemic. This outbreak of measles begins with a single index case that infects a number of other individuals. (The incubation period for measles averages 10 days with a range of 7-18 days.)

What is modern epidemic?

The great epidemics of the past resulted from infection: influenza yellow fever and the plague. Today these have largely been replaced by new epidemics of chronic disease—such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes—the etiologies of which are as much social and economic as they are biological.

What is the difference between point source and common source?

An epi curve with a sharp upward slope and a gradual downward slope typically describes a point source outbreak. A point source outbreak is a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief and all cases occur within one incu- bation period.

What diseases are pandemics?

Major pandemics and epidemics such as plague cholera flu severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have already afflicted humanity. The world is now facing the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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What is the greatest epidemic?

By death toll

Rank	Epidemics/pandemics	Date
1	Black Death	1346–1353
2	Spanish flu	1918–1920
3	Plague of Justinian	541–549
4	HIV/AIDS global epidemic	1981–present

What animal did Ebola come from?

Scientists do not know where Ebola virus comes from. Based on similar viruses they believe EVD is animal-borne with bats or nonhuman primates being the most likely source. Infected animals carrying the virus can transmit it to other animals like apes monkeys duikers and humans.

Is Ebola still around 2021?

On May 3 2021 the DRC Ministry of Health and WHO declared the end of the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu Province.

How many types of epidemic are there?

Based on criteria such as this epidemics are classified into three types: common source outbreaks. propagated or progressive epidemics. mixed epidemics.

What is the example of epidemic disease?

What is an Epidemic? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) describes an epidemic as an unexpected increase in the number of disease cases in a specific geographical area. Yellow fever smallpox measles and polio are prime examples of epidemics that occurred throughout American history.

What classifies a pandemic?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a pandemic as a disease outbreak that has spread across multiple countries and continents and usually impacts many people. The classification of “pandemic” comes when a disease affects the global population.

Is diabetes an epidemic?

While diabetes mortality is rising for all race and income groups complications and higher death rates occur particularly among minorities and low-income groups thus exacerbating health disparities. Diabetes is epidemic. The high and rapidly increasing prevalence of the disease demands this description.

Do pandemics last forever?

The truth of the matter is that pandemics always end. And to date vaccines have never played a significant role in ending them. (That doesn’t mean vaccines aren’t playing a critical role this time. Far fewer people will die from Covid-19 because of them.)

Will the vaccine end the pandemic?

“The short answer is yes ” says Saju Mathew M.D. a Piedmont primary care physician. “The long answer is that unless 85% of Americans get the vaccine we are not even going to get close to ending the pandemic.”

What is the source of infectious agent?

A Source is an infectious agent or germ and refers to a virus bacteria or other microbe. In healthcare settings germs are found in many places. People are one source of germs including: Patients.

What is the most common means of transmission of infectious diseases?

Contact transmission is the most common form of transmitting diseases and virus. There are two types of contact transmission: direct and indirect. Direct contact transmission occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person.

What is an example of epidemiology?

The term epidemiology is now widely applied to cover the description and causation of not only epidemic infectious disease but of disease in general including related conditions. Some examples of topics examined through epidemiology include as high blood pressure mental illness and obesity.

What type of epidemic curve is COVID-19?

Recent analysis of COVID-19 data reveals that the epidemic curve begins with an exponential growth after which it follows a sequence of power laws (Ziff and Ziff 2020 Komarova et al. 2020 Manchein et al. 2020 Blasius 2020 Cherednik 2020 Chatterjee et al.

What is propagated epidemiology?

A propagated outbreak results from transmission from one person to another. Usually transmission is by direct person-to-person contact as with syphilis.