What type of structures would suffer the most severe damage during an earthquake?
The answer lies in how their buildings and bridges are designed. Most of the damage we associate with earthquakes involves human-built structures: people trapped by collapsed buildings or cut off from vital water or energy supplies.
Where does the most damage occur from an earthquake?
What type of earthquake does the most damage?
Which characteristic of earthquakes causes the most severe damage?
The next waves to arrive are S or Secondary waves which travel slower through the crust. These waves cause the crust to move from side to side at right angles to the outward motion of the main wave. They are also called TRANSVERSE waves and are known to cause the most damage.
What kinds of structures suffer the most severe damage from an earthquake quizlet?
What kinds of structures suffer the most severe damage from an earthquake? Unenforced buildings made with concrete man-made structures.
What causes the most structural damage during earthquakes?
Ground shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Ground shaking is caused by body waves and surface waves. … They are the most damaging waves because buildings are more easily damaged from horizontal motion than from vertical motion.
What are the major effects of earthquakes?
Which type of earthquake waves are the most destructive?
Of the two types of surface waves the L-waves are the most destructive. They can literally move the ground beneath a building faster than the building itself can respond effectively shearing the base off of the rest of the building.
Which waves are most destructive?
The most destructive seismic wave is surface waves. The surface waves will move just under the surface of the Earth. Surface waves move the slowest but cause the maximum damage to human-made structures.
How do earthquakes damage buildings?
The first main earthquake hazard (danger) is the effect of ground shaking. Buildings can be damaged by the shaking itself or by the ground beneath them settling to a different level than it was before the earthquake (subsidence). … Buildings can even sink into the ground if soil liquefaction occurs.
Which faults create the strongest earthquakes?
What are the effects of earthquake on landforms?
Earthquakes often cause dramatic changes at Earth’s surface. In addition to the ground movements other surface effects include changes in the flow of groundwater landslides and mudflows. Earthquakes can do significant damage to buildings bridges pipelines railways embankments dams and other structures …
What are the worst earthquakes in history?
| Mag | Alternative Name | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | 9.5 | Valdivia Earthquake |
| 2. | 9.2 | 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Prince William Sound Earthquake Good Friday Earthquake |
| 3. | 9.1 | Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami Indian Ocean Earthquake |
| 4. | 9.1 | Tohoku Earthquake |
Does liquefaction cause earthquake?
Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the world. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils that is soils in which the space between individual particles is completely filled with water.
What is a fracture caused by horizontal shear?
Strike-slip faults are fractures caused by horizontal shear.
What two factors are used to describe an earthquake?
- the size (magnitude) of the earthquake.
- the distance from the epicenter
- the depth of the earthquake
- the building (or other structure) design
- and the type of surface material (rock or dirt) the buildings rest on.
What are the structural damage?
Structural damage is defined as any damage that compromises or affects the core integrity of your home. This includes the foundation walls roof and load-bearing walls. When structural damage occurs the structure itself may be no longer able to support the house. Your home may be in danger of collapse or failure.
What are different types of damages caused to structure during earthquakes explain briefly?
Typical patterns of damage for specific types of construction are discussed in the respective chapters. There are four basic causes of earthquake- induced damage: ground shaking ground failure tsunamis and fire. The principal cause of earthquake-induced damage is ground shaking.
What are the major structural failures observed during earthquake?
Inelastic deformability. Ability to deform in the inelastic range of deformations without significant strength decay (analogous to ductility). Spalling. Crushing or separation of exterior segments of concrete in compression usually in cover concrete of structural elements.
What are the destructive effects of earthquake?
What are the causes effects and consequences of earthquakes?
What are the effects of earthquakes on humans?
Earthquakes usually cause severe damage to urban centres resulting in the loss of life and damage to homes and other infrastructure. Although risks are normally associated with cities the effects on the rural sector and farming communities can be devastating.
What are the 3 types of earthquake waves?
Which of the three basic types of seismic wave is likely to cause the greatest destruction to buildings?
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of seismic wave causes the greatest destruction to buildings? | surface waves |
| What are three major differences between P and S waves? | speed what type of material they can move through direction of the movement |
Which type of seismic waves is more destructive Why?
After both P and S waves have moved through the body of Earth they are followed by surface waves which travel along Earth’s surface. Surface waves travel only through solid media. They are slower-moving than body waves but are much larger and therefore more destructive.
Can earthquake affect the design of structure?
Permanent ground deformations can tear a structure apart. Most earthquake-induced building damage however is a result of ground shaking. … When the ground shakes at a building site the building’s foundations vibrate in a manner that’s similar to the surrounding ground.
How do earthquakes affect buildings and property?
What sort of damage can an earthquake cause to a building or structure? Earthquakes and seismic activity cause structures to suffer substantial damage. They sink or partially sink down into the ground cracks appear in walls doors and windows jam and cease to work properly and the ground itself can be weakened.
How are houses affected by earthquakes?
What is the strongest fault?
The San Andreas Fault—made infamous by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake—is a strike-slip fault. This means two fault blocks are moving past each other horizontally.
Why do most earthquakes cause little damage and loss of life?
Elastic rebound is the process by which deformed rocks first bend and then break releasing energy. Why do most earthquakes cause little damage and loss of life? Most earthquakes do little damage because most of them occur in areas that are not populated.
What are the 3 main causes of earthquakes?
- Induced Earthquakes. Induced quakes are caused by human activity like tunnel construction filling reservoirs and implementing geothermal or fracking projects.
- Volcanic Earthquakes. Volcanic quakes are associated with active volcanism. …
- Collapse Earthquakes.
What are the constructive and destructive effects of earthquakes?
Earthquakes originate sea waves called Tsunamis. … Landslide due to earthquake may block valleys to form lakes. Constructive Effects: Sometimes the earthquakes cause formation of hot springs which are very useful to people.
What are the harmful effects of landslide?
What are the 5 earthquake hazards?
- Ground Shaking. If an earthquake generates a large enough shaking intensity structures like buildings bridges and dams can be severley damaged and cliffs and sloping ground destabilised. …
- Tsunami.
- Landslides and Rockfalls.
- Subsidence and Lateral Spreading.
- Liquefaction.
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