What Synapomorphy Defines The Eukarya

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What Synapomorphy Defines The Eukarya?

What synapomorphy defines the Eukarya? All Eukarya—and only Eukarya—have a nucleus bounded by a nuclear envelope. This synapomorphy likely arose in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

What are the Synapomorphies of the eukaryotes quizlet?

Terms in this set (9)

Nucleus. holds DNA.
double membrane bound organelles. endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus.
Tubular containing structures. cytoskeleton- microtubules 9+2 flagella spindle apparatus Centrioles.
DNA with histones. in chromosomes.
Large 80S ribosomes. …
Steroles in membrane. …
Larger cells. …
multicellularity.

Which evidence is consistent with the Endosymbiotic?

Which evidence is consistent with the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of the mitochondrion? Mitochondria have their own ribosomes and manufacture their own proteins.

Which feature is unique to the Diplomonads?

Diplomonads have two haploid nuclei (each with four associated flagella arranged symmetrically about the body’s main axis) that give the cells a face-like appearance. Diplomonads do not possess mitochondria and thus they cannot perform respiration and instead must obtain their energy from fermentative processes.

Why does iron fertilization of open oceans increase phytoplankton densities quizlet?

People can get paralytic shellfish poisoning during dinoflagellate blooms. Why does iron fertilization of open oceans increase phytoplankton densities? … The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by iron availability in the open oceans.

What are the synapomorphies of all eukaryotes the eukaryote domain )?

What are the synapomorphies of Eukarya? Eukarya have nuclei membrane – enclosed organelles and cytoskeletons.

Is eukarya monophyletic?

In a three-domains tree of life (part a) Archaea and Eukarya each represent a monophyletic group and share a unique common ancestor to the exclusion of Bacteria2 3.

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the Endosymbiotic hypothesis?

The strongest piece of evidence for the endosymbiotic theory is the fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA prokaryote fashion and can still replicate transcribe and translate some proteins. Their ribosomes are also fashioned as a prokaryotes would be.

What are the 3 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory?

Numerous lines of evidence exist including that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA (prokaryotes also have circular DNA) mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane (the inner membrane would have initially been the ingested prokaryote’s single membrane and the outer membrane initially …

What are three observations that support the endosymbiotic theory?

Describe THREE observations that support the endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Chloroplasts contain their own DNA. Mitochondria can self-replicate.

Are diplomonads heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Diplomonads are bi-flagellated heterotrophic protists that lack mitochondria and golgi. They are thought by some to be relatively primitive but may lack these features because they live in anaerobic environments (e.g. Giardia).

Are diplomonads zoonotic?

Diplomonads is a group of eukaryotic microbes with two nuclei consisting of both parasitic and free-living species. … duodenalis) which is the most studied diplomonad is a significant environmentally transmitted zoonotic pathogen with a characteristic “happy-face” look (Fig. 1).

Why do some biologists describe the mitochondria of diplomonads and Parabasalids as highly reduced?

Why do some biologists describe the mitochondria of diplomonads and parabasalids as “highly reduced”? Since the unknown protist is more closely related to diplomonads than to euglenids it must have originated after the diplo- monads and parabasalids diverged from the euglenozoans. … the diplomonad.

Why does iron fertilization increase phytoplankton densities?

Why does iron fertilization of open oceans increase phytoplankton densities? A) The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by iron availability in the open oceans. … Iron is a growth stimulant.

Which feature was not present in the first eukaryotes?

What feature was not present in the first eukaryotes? cell wall Because early-branching eukaryote lineages lack cell walls biologists suggest that their common ancestor also lacked this feature.

Why are fungi so important to the carbon cycle?

Fungi accelerate the carbon cycle by breaking down wood and thus freeing up carbon atoms.

Do eukaryotes have lysosomes?

In addition to the nucleus eukaryotic cells may contain several other types of organelles which may include mitochondria chloroplasts the endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. Each of these organelles performs a specific function critical to the cell’s survival.

What is meant by Synapomorphy?

Definition of synapomorphy

See also why is biomass a better alternative to oil

: a character or trait that is shared by two or more taxonomic groups and is derived through evolution from a common ancestral form.

Which are all members of the domain Eukarya?

Members of the domain Eukarya—called eukaryotes—have membrane-bound organelles (including a nucleus containing genetic material) and are represented by five kingdoms: Plantae Protozoa Animalia Chromista and Fungi.

Which of the following traits do Archaeans and bacteria share?

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? Lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane. Which of the following describe all existing bacteria? Tiny ubiquitous (everywhere) metabolically diverse.

Is Eukarya Paraphyletic?

Eukaryotes are monophyletic by definition as they have a single ancestor LECA. They are also holophyletic as all LECA’s descendants belong to the same group. They are polyphyletic as well since they exhibit numerous symbioses and anastomoses in the tree of life.

Are Protoctists multicellular?

Most protists are microscopic and unicellular but some true multicellular forms exist. A few protists live as colonies that behave in some ways as a group of free-living cells and in other ways as a multicellular organism.

What is the strongest evidence that supports the hypothesis that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?

“Pro” means “before ” and prokaryotes have DNA in a freely floating ring that is not encased in a nucleus. “Eu” means “true ” and eukaryotes have DNA arranged in chromosomes and encased in a nucleus. Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the earth prior to the arrival of the eukaryotes.

Which statement is the strongest evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution?

The endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution states that organelles in eukaryotic cells are derived from bacteria. Which statement is the STRONGEST evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution? Eukaryote organelles contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA.

What is the strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles?

Protein import is the strongest evidence we have for the single origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria. It is probably also the strongest evidence we have to sort out the number and nature of secondary endosymbiotic events that have occurred in evolution involving the red plastid lineage.

What are the two most defining features of a prokaryote and eukaryote?

The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store their genetic information.

Which traits are shared by all eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are very diverse in shape form and function. Some internal and external features however are common to all. These include a plasma (cell) membrane a nucleus mitochondria internal membrane bound organelles and a cytoskeleton.

What two evolutionary processes give rise to the eukaryotes?

The first eukaryotes evolved from ancestral prokaryotes by a process that involved membrane proliferation the loss of a cell wall the evolution of a cytoskeleton and the acquisition and evolution of organelles.

How do eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella?

Hint: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella mainly differs in their structure and movement. Eukaryotic flagella are microtubule-based structures which are attached to the cell at the cell membrane through basal bodies while prokaryotic flagella are located outside of the plasma membrane.

Why do eukaryotic cells require an Endomembrane system?

The endomembrane system permits various functions of the eukaryotic cell to be compartmentalized (e.g. protein degradation occurs in the lysosome) allowing a higher degree of cell specialization. The system relies on dynamic interactions between different compartments facilitated by vesicle trafficking between them.

What evidence supports the theory that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic cells?

The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes—endosymbiosis—is particularly well supported by studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts which are thought to have evolved from bacteria living in large cells.

Is Excavata photosynthetic?

Excavata are a supergroup of protists that are defined by an asymmetrical appearance with a feeding groove that is “excavated” from one side it includes various types of organisms which are parasitic photosynthetic and heterotrophic predators.

Are chromalveolata unicellular?

Members of this subgroup range in size from single-celled diatoms to the massive and multicellular kelp. The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles (Figure 7).

Do excavates have a mitochondria?

Most excavates are unicellular heterotrophic flagellates. … Some excavates lack “classical” mitochondria and are called “amitochondriate” although most retain a mitochondrial organelle in greatly modified form (e.g. a hydrogenosome or mitosome).