When A Fault Is Expressed At The Surface, It Is Called A

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When a fault is expressed at the surface it is called a what?

Terms in this set (28) When a fault is expressed at the surface it is called a. fault scarp. The name of the site where slippage begins and earthquake waves radiate outward is called the. hypocenter.

What is the name given to the location at which slippage begins and seismic waves radiate outward from?

The point on a fault within earth’s crust where the fracturing begins and most slippage occurs is called the focus of the earthquake. Another name for it is the hypocenter. The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. The epicenter is not where the earthquake originated.

What are the two primary types of waves generated by earthquakes What are the two primary types of waves generated by earthquakes?

The two primary types of waves generated by earthquakes are body waves and surface waves. Although these are the two primary types they are broken into other types of waves as well. The body waves will come in two stages the P Waves and the S Waves.

Which of the following best describes the liquefaction?

Which of the following best describes liquefaction? The transformation of stable soil into loose liquefied material that is able to rise toward Earth’s surface.

What is meant by elastic rebound?

Elastic rebound is what happens to the crustal material on either side of a fault during an earthquake. … The rock becomes distorted or bent but holds its position until the earthquake occurs and the rock snaps back into an unstrained position releasing energy that produces seismic waves.

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What is seismology used for?

Discover how seismic sensors such as geophones broadband packages and strong-motion instruments are used to study tremors and other seismic activity. seismology scientific discipline that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and of the propagation of seismic waves within the Earth.

When referencing earthquakes the location where the slippage begins is called the?

The location where slippage begins is called the hypocenter or focus. Earthquake waves radiate from this spot outward into the surrounding rock. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter is called the epicenter (FIGURE 8.2).

What is the motion of surface waves?

A surface wave is a wave that travels along the surface of a medium. Ocean waves are the best-known examples of surface waves. In a surface wave particles of the medium move up and down as well as back and forth in an overall circular motion. The particles don’t actually move closer to shore as the waves pass through.

Where is epicenter of earthquake?

The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks.

What is surface wave in earthquake?

A surface wave is a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.

How surface waves are formed?

Surface waves are typically generated when the source of the earthquake is close to the Earth’s surface. As their name suggests surface waves travel just below the surface of the ground. There are several types of surface wave but the two most common varieties are Rayleigh waves and Love waves. …

What waves do earthquakes make?

NARRATOR: Earthquakes generate two main types of seismic or shock waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel through the interior of the earth. The fastest of these are primary or “P ” waves. These compressional waves move faster in dense rock and slower in fluids.

What is meant by liquefaction of gases?

Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state (condensation). The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures using for example turboexpanders.

What does the term liquefaction mean?

liquid

1 : the process of making or becoming liquid. 2 : the state of being liquid. 3 : conversion of soil into a fluidlike mass during an earthquake or other seismic event.

What do you call to the ground surface that sinks or settles due to an earthquake?

Land subsidence is a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth’s surface. … Subsidence can also be caused by natural events such as earthquakes soil compaction glacial isostatic adjustment erosion sinkhole formation and adding water to fine soils deposited by wind (a natural process known as loess deposits).

What is elastic rebound theory Slideshare?

Elastic Rebound Theory • According to the theory the rocks on each side of a fault are moving slowly. • If the fault is locked stress in the rocks increases.

What is elastic rebound theory and how does it apply to earthquakes?

In geology the elastic-rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. … Then they separate with a rupture along the fault the sudden movement releases accumulated energy and the rocks snap back almost to their original shape.

What is elastic rebound quizlet?

Elastic rebound refers to how the slippage along a fault (i.e. earthquake) allows the deformed rock to regain its original shape in a new location.

What is the unit of earthquake?

Richter scale (M_L) quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (size) devised in 1935 by American seismologists Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The earthquake’s magnitude is determined using the logarithm of the amplitude (height) of the largest seismic wave calibrated to a scale by a seismograph.

What are the surface waves called as?

The two types of surface waves are named Love waves and Rayleigh waves after the scientists who identified them. Love waves have a horizontal motion that moves the surface from side to side perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. Of the two surface waves Love waves move faster.

What is seismology short answer?

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth. A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.

How are epicenters determined?

Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. … Each seismograph records the times when the first (P waves) and second (S waves) seismic waves arrive.

Is the place on the earth surface directly above point of the fault where the several miles per second?

Epicenter: The place on the earth’s surface directly above the point on the fault where the earthquake ruptures began. … Seismic Waves: Vibrations that travel outward from the earthquake fault at speeds of several miles per second.

What is the distance of the Epicentre from the seismic station?

The distance of the seismic recording station from the earthquake epicenter is determined from the time difference between the first arrival of the P-wave and the S-wave. This is known as the S-P interval.

How does a particle in a surface wave move?

A surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium undergo a circular motion. … In longitudinal and transverse waves all the particles in the entire bulk of the medium move in a parallel and a perpendicular direction (respectively) relative to the direction of energy transport.

What are surface waves quizlet?

surface waves. seismic waves that move rock particles in a backward rolling motion and a sideways swaying motion. strongest waves but slowest.

Which will describe a surface wave?

In physics a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids such as ocean waves. … Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids such as Rayleigh or Love waves.

What is epicenter and focus?

The focus is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. When energy is released at the focus seismic waves travel outward from that point in all directions.

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What do you call the center point of an area where fault movement occurs?

When an earthquake occurs only a part of a fault is involved in the rupture. … We call the “point” (or region) where an earthquake rupture initiates the hypocenter or focus. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter is called the epicenter.

What is fault in earthquake?

A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. … During an earthquake the rock on one side of the fault suddenly slips with respect to the other. The fault surface can be horizontal or vertical or some arbitrary angle in between.

Where do surface waves occur?

In physics a surface wave can occur along any boundary of two different substances. The seismic type of surface wave happens at the boundary between air and rock—the surface of the earth.

What are the surface waves called as Mcq?

Explanation: The L-waves are also called long waves or surface waves because their journey is confined mainly to the near-surface layers of the Earth.

What is surface waves and body waves?

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. On the other hand surface waves propagate only at the interface between two different media like the interface between Earth and atmosphere (i.e. the surface of the Earth). … P-waves are compression waves. They can propagate in solid or liquid material.

What does seismic refer to?

Definition of seismic

1 : of subject to or caused by an earthquake also : of or relating to an earth vibration caused by something else (such as an explosion or the impact of a meteorite) 2 : of or relating to a vibration on a celestial body (such as the moon) comparable to a seismic event on earth.